Silica-based particles for radiation theranostics

Theranostics, which integrate diagnosis and therapy within a single platform, are being actively developed worldwide on the basis of functional materials. In this Review, we first outline recent progress in non-porous silica-based platforms that have advanced towards clinical application as therapeutic and theranostic systems, with particular emphasis on imaging-guided radiotherapy and radiosensitisation. We then focus on organosilica nanoparticles as a distinctive class of silica-based particles and summarise their development as cancer theranostic agents. Finally, we discuss opportunities and remaining challenges for translating silica nanomedicine into clinically impactful, chemistry-driven solutions for global health.