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Related Concept Videos

Calculating Standard Free Energy Changes02:49

Calculating Standard Free Energy Changes

The free energy change for a reaction that occurs under the standard conditions of 1 bar pressure and at 298 K is called the standard free energy change. Since free energy is a state function, its value depends only on the conditions of the initial and final states of the system. A convenient and common approach to the calculation of free energy changes for physical and chemical reactions is by use of widely available compilations of standard state thermodynamic data. One method involves the...
Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States03:25

Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States

The free energy change for a process taking place with reactants and products present under nonstandard conditions (pressures other than 1 bar; concentrations other than 1 M) is related to the standard free energy change according to this equation:
Energy Transfer in Chemical Reactions01:16

Energy Transfer in Chemical Reactions

Chemical reactions require sufficient energy to cause the matter to collide with enough precision and force that old chemical bonds can be broken and new ones formed. In general, kinetic energy is the form of energy powering any type of matter in motion. Imagine a person building a brick wall. The energy it takes to lift and place one brick on top of another is the kinetic energy—the energy matter possesses because of its motion. Once the wall is in place, it stores potential energy. Potential...
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The Energies of Atomic Orbitals

In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.
Potential-Energy Criterion for Equilibrium01:16

Potential-Energy Criterion for Equilibrium

Potential energy or potential function plays an essential role in determining the stability of a mechanical system. If a system is subjected to both gravitational and elastic forces, the potential function of the system can be expressed as the algebraic sum of gravitational and elastic potential energy. If the system is in equilibrium and is displaced by a small amount, then the work done on the system equals the negative of the change in the system's potential energy from the initial to the...
Energy Diagrams, Transition States, and Intermediates02:13

Energy Diagrams, Transition States, and Intermediates

Free-energy diagrams, or reaction coordinate diagrams, are graphs showing the energy changes that occur during a chemical reaction. The reaction coordinate represented on the horizontal axis shows how far the reaction has progressed structurally. Positions along the x-axis close to the reactants have structures resembling the reactants, while positions close to the products resemble the products.  Peaks on the energy diagram represent stable structures with measurable lifetimes, while other...

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Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry
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An Energy-Corrected Fast Post-SCF Local-Hybrid Scheme for Highly Accurate Energy Differences of Large Main-Group

Artur Wodyński1, Martin Kaupp1

  • 1Institute of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry/Quantum Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Journal of Computational Chemistry
|June 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

We introduce an energy-corrected local-hybrid (EC(LH)@(m)GGA) framework. This method achieves high accuracy for large systems at a reduced computational cost, making advanced local hybrids more accessible.

Keywords:
DFTlocal hybrid functionalsneural‐network local mixing functionstrong‐correlation factorzero‐sum game

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Area of Science:

  • Computational chemistry
  • Quantum chemistry
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT)

Background:

  • Local-hybrid (LH) density functionals offer a balance between reducing self-interaction errors and modeling static correlation.
  • The computational cost of exact-exchange evaluation in LH functionals limits their application to large systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a computationally efficient framework for advanced local-hybrid functionals.
  • To enable the application of high-accuracy LH functionals to large-scale systems.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of an energy-corrected local-hybrid (EC(LH)@(m)GGA) framework.
  • Utilizing a computationally inexpensive semi-local reference density for a single post-Self-Consistent Field (SCF) evaluation.
  • Employing the neural-network-based LH25nP LH as a prototype.

Main Results:

  • The EC(LH)@(m)GGA framework, using GGA or meta-GGA orbitals, maintains the accuracy of the parent LH functional.
  • Achieved state-of-the-art rung 4 performance on the GMTKN55 test suite (WTMAD-2 ~2.4-2.7 kcal/mol).
  • Retained high performance for spin-restricted bond dissociation, a measure of static correlation.
  • Computational cost is approximately 2-3 times that of a GGA single point calculation, significantly less than full LH SCF.

Conclusions:

  • EC(LH)@(m)GGA provides a post-SCF route to achieve high-accuracy energetics comparable to advanced LH functionals.
  • This framework offers a practical and cost-effective solution for applying accurate DFT methods to large systems.