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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Fabrication of Size-Controlled and Emulsion-Free Chitosan-Genipin Microgels for Tissue Engineering Applications
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Choline-based hydrogels and deep eutectic solvent systems for next-generation biomedical platforms: a review.

Anshu Sharma1, Bong-Seop Lee1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea. bslee0425@kangwon.ac.kr.

Biomaterials Science
|June 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Choline (Cho)-based hydrogels and deep eutectic solvents (DES) offer promising alternatives to traditional quaternary ammonium compounds for drug delivery and wound repair. These novel systems address concerns regarding cytotoxicity and environmental impact.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Quaternary ammonium hydrogels face challenges like cytotoxicity and environmental persistence.
  • Choline (Cho), an endogenous compound, presents a safer alternative for polymer networks.
  • Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are explored for drug solubility and stability enhancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development of choline-based hydrogels and DES systems from a polymer design viewpoint.
  • To analyze the structure-property relationships of Cho-based materials for various applications.
  • To highlight the potential of Cho-based systems in overcoming limitations of existing quaternary ammonium compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on choline-based hydrogels and DES.
  • Analysis of polymer network design incorporating choline and its salt derivatives.
  • Evaluation of structure-property relationships in injectable, self-healing, and stimuli-responsive eutectogels.

Main Results:

  • Cho and its derivatives enhance hydrogel network formation, mechanical properties, swelling, and transport characteristics.
  • Cho-derived DES improve solubility and stability of poorly water-soluble drugs, modifying polymer microstructure.
  • Eutectogels demonstrate tunable properties for controlled drug delivery and wound repair, influencing antimicrobial activity and release kinetics.

Conclusions:

  • Choline-based hydrogels and DES offer a promising, biocompatible alternative to traditional quaternary ammonium compounds.
  • Ionic network design is crucial for optimizing hydrogel performance in drug delivery and wound healing.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges like hygroscopicity and mechanical reinforcement in Cho-based systems.