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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Mass Spectrum: Interpretation01:24

Mass Spectrum: Interpretation

An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...

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Related Experiment Video

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Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
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Published on: July 27, 2018

Linear electron molecule collision spectrometer for partial and total ionization cross-section measurements.

Mirjana M Vojnović1, Miroslav M Ristić2, Violeta V Stanković Mališ1

  • 1Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12, P.O. Box 44, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|June 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A novel spectrometer using a trochoidal electron monochromator and time-of-flight mass analyzer was developed. This instrument measures electron ionization cross sections for gases with improved efficiency.

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

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06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers
08:51

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers

Published on: August 18, 2017

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
08:22

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

Published on: August 6, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Atomic and Molecular Physics
  • Spectroscopy
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of electron ionization cross sections is crucial for understanding atomic and molecular processes.
  • Conventional spectrometers face limitations in extraction and collection efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and test a new spectrometer design for measuring electron ionization cross sections.
  • To improve ion extraction and collection efficiency compared to existing devices.

Main Methods:

  • A new spectrometer integrating a trochoidal electron monochromator (TEM) and a time-of-flight (TOF) mass analyzer was constructed.
  • A well-defined electron beam intersected a supersonic gas jet, and resulting ions were extracted and analyzed.
  • The device operated in pulsed electron beam and synchronized pulsed ion extraction modes.

Main Results:

  • The compact, linear spectrometer design demonstrated successful operation for electron ionization of N2.
  • Preliminary results indicate potentially better extraction and collection efficiency than conventional designs.
  • The system successfully avoided unwanted ionization outside the collision region.

Conclusions:

  • The developed TEM-TOF spectrometer offers a promising new tool for precise measurement of electron ionization cross sections.
  • The linear configuration and pulsed operation contribute to enhanced performance.
  • Further studies are warranted to fully characterize its capabilities.