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Patch Test Reactions to Dental Materials: A Retrospective Single-Centre Study.

Mojca Bizjak-Suran1,2,3, Manca Marčun1, Mitja Košnik1,2

  • 1Division of Allergy, University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia.

Contact Dermatitis
|June 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Patch testing for dental material allergy requires a European baseline series. Late readings significantly improve detection rates, and HEMA alone does not fully capture methacrylate reactivity in patients with suspected dental allergies.

Keywords:
contact hypersensitivitydental material allergydental materialsmetalsmethacrylatesnickelpalladiumpatch testing

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Dental Materials Science

Background:

  • Delayed-type hypersensitivity to dental materials necessitates patch testing.
  • A European baseline series for dental material allergy is currently lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate patch test positivity using a 24-allergen dental series.
  • To determine the diagnostic value of late readings (D6/7) in patch testing.
  • To characterize the reactivity patterns of methacrylate allergens.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective single-centre study of 439 adults referred for suspected dental material allergy.
  • Patch testing with an institutional 24-allergen series (11 metals, 8 methacrylates, 5 others).
  • Reactions assessed on D3 and D6/7 using ICDRG criteria.

Main Results:

  • 50.1% of patients showed at least one positive reaction; 41.0% reacted to metals (Nickel 23.0%, Palladium 16.6%).
  • Among methacrylates, HEMA (3.6%), HPMA (3.0%), and EGDMA (2.5%) were most frequent.
  • Late readings (D6/7) increased detection by 24.7% compared to D3 alone; HEMA did not fully represent methacrylate sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Late patch test readings enhance the detection of delayed-type hypersensitivity to dental materials.
  • Assessing methacrylate reactivity requires more than just HEMA testing.