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Insomnia symptoms in women and men after percutaneous coronary intervention - a prospective multicentre cohort study

Aase Marie Aurbakken Rusten1, Anders Broström2,3, Tone M Norekvål4,5

  • 1Department of Medicine, Stord Hospital, Stord, Norway.

Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes
|June 16, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Insomnia symptoms are common in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), especially in women, and persist long-term. These sleep issues are linked to poorer mental health, highlighting the need for early screening and interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Insomnia is a known risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD).
  • Persistent sleep difficulties after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may impede patient recovery.
  • Longitudinal studies on factors influencing post-PCI insomnia are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of insomnia symptoms in male and female CAD patients post-PCI.
  • To analyze changes in insomnia symptom scores over a 12-month period.
  • To investigate the association between insomnia, self-reported health, and individual factors post-PCI.

Main Methods:

  • A large-scale, prospective, multicentre cohort study involving 3,417 patients post-PCI.
  • Patient-reported outcomes, including insomnia symptoms (Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale), were collected at baseline and 2, 6, and 12 months post-PCI.
  • Health status was assessed using RAND-12 and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire; clinical data were sourced from registries and medical records.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of insomnia symptoms was high (47% in women vs. 28% in men) at baseline and remained consistent over time.
  • Reduced mental health was significantly associated with more severe insomnia in both sexes.
  • Insomnia symptoms at earlier time points predicted symptoms at later time points for both men and women.

Conclusions:

  • Insomnia symptoms are highly prevalent and persistent in patients following PCI, with women being disproportionately affected.
  • Poorer mental health is strongly linked to insomnia severity in both male and female patients post-PCI.
  • Early screening for insomnia and targeted sleep interventions are recommended for both sexes after PCI.
Abstract

Keywords:
Coronary artery diseaseInsomniaLong-term follow-upSelf-reported health statusSex differencesSleep

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