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Development of a similarity discrimination method for cannabis samples using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat-PCR.

Tadashi Yamamuro1, Yuki Okada2, Hiroki Segawa3

  • 1National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan. yamamuro@nrips.go.jp.

Forensic Toxicology
|June 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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Forensic toxicology·2025
This summary is machine-generated.

Forensic investigations can now better determine cannabis sample relationships using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR)-PCR DNA testing. This method establishes numerical criteria for evaluating genetic similarity between unknown cannabis samples.

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Establishing the relationship between seized cannabis samples is crucial in forensic investigations.
  • DNA testing methods are essential for differentiating cannabis samples.
  • Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR)-PCR offers a potential DNA-based approach for cannabis sample analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for assessing the genetic similarity of cannabis samples.
  • To utilize Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR)-PCR analysis for forensic cannabis investigations.
  • To establish numerical criteria for evaluating genetic relationships between cannabis samples.

Main Methods:

  • Collected 48 cannabis samples from 24 distinct strains.
  • Performed Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR)-PCR using 10 ISSR primers.
Keywords:
Cannabis sativaGenetic backgroundInter-Simple Sequence Repeat-PCRSimilarity discriminationSimilarity score

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  • Calculated similarity score and total likelihood ratio for sample comparison.

    • Main Results:

    • ISSR-PCR grouped cannabis samples based on band patterns.
    • Similarity scores averaged 1.69 between different strains and 9.48 for identical individuals.
    • Total likelihood ratios showed high discrimination performance, with means ranging up to 9.79 × 10⁹.

    Conclusions:

    • Established numerical criteria for estimating genetic similarity in cannabis samples.
    • Demonstrated the effectiveness of ISSR-PCR for forensic cannabis investigations.
    • Provided a robust method for evaluating the genetic background of cannabis samples.