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Gastric Infection by Cronobacter sakazakii: An In Vitro Insight.

Babak Pakbin1, Susanne U Mertens-Talcott1

  • 1Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease
|June 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Cronobacter sakazakii, a foodborne pathogen, can harm infant health. This study shows it reduces gastric cell viability and triggers inflammation, highlighting risks in infant formula.

Keywords:
AGS cellsCronobacter sakazakiiexploratory host-pathogen interactiongastric epithelial cellsin vitro study

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pathogen-host interactions
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen linked to severe neonatal infections, particularly through contaminated powdered infant formula.
  • The interaction between C. sakazakii and gastric epithelial cells is not well understood, limiting knowledge of early infection mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the early host-pathogen responses of Cronobacter sakazakii in AGS gastric epithelial cells.
  • To assess the impact of C. sakazakii infection on gastric cell viability and inflammatory gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro study using AGS gastric epithelial cells exposed to C. sakazakii ATCC 29544 (multiplicity of infection of 100 for 2 hours).
  • Assessed cytotoxicity using viability assays.
  • Evaluated bacterial entry via gentamicin protection assay.
  • Measured transcriptional responses using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for bacterial virulence and host inflammatory genes.

Main Results:

  • C. sakazakii infection significantly reduced AGS cell viability (p < 0.001).
  • Increased expression of bacterial virulence genes (ompA, hfq) and host inflammatory genes (IL-8, NF-ƙB) was observed (p < 0.001).
  • Gentamicin protection assay suggested bacterial entry into AGS cells.

Conclusions:

  • Cronobacter sakazakii (ATCC 29544) induces early cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects in gastric epithelial cells in vitro.
  • These findings underscore the potential pathogenicity of C. sakazakii in the gastric environment.
  • Further studies using more physiologically relevant gastric models are warranted to confirm these preliminary results.