Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment
Published on: June 23, 2019
Substance Use or Alcohol Consumption and HIV-Related Sexual Behaviors Among Sexual Minority Men (SMM) in San
Ahmad Danesh1, Thye Peng Ngo2,3, Glenn-Milo Santos4,5
1Department of Medicine, Division of Prevention Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Abstract:
Substance and alcohol use are often used in sexual contexts among sexual minority men (SMM) and may be associated with condomless anal sex (CAS), a proximal exposure relevant to HIV risk. This study examined the association between alcohol and substance use during sex and the frequency of insertive (ICAS) and receptive (RCAS) condomless anal sex. A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from a respondent-driven sample (RDS) of 252 SMM in San Francisco in 2020 was conducted, and 135 participants who reported at least one CAS event with their last three sexual partners in the past six months were included in the analysis. A zero-truncated negative binomial regression model was used to estimate the rate ratio (ERR) of ICAS and RCAS. Results indicated that being drunk before or during sex was associated with a 2.6-fold increase in the number of ICAS events and a 7.2-fold increase in the number of RCAS events. Methamphetamine showed inverse associations with ICAS (ERR = 0.5) and RCAS (ERR = 0.3), while poppers were positively associated with ICAS (ERR = 2.5) and RCAS (ERR = 3). Overall, alcohol intoxication and popper use in sexual contexts were associated with higher CAS counts among SMM, supporting stigma-free harm-reduction screening and PrEP/STI prevention, while inverse associations with methamphetamine warrant cautious interpretation and event-level study in future work.
Related Concept Videos
Amebiasis
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Sex Linked Disorders
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV
