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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...

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High Spatial Resolution Chemical Imaging of Implant-Associated Infections with X-ray Excited Luminescence Chemical Imaging Through Tissue
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Published on: September 30, 2022

Contextual Style Coherence Network for X-Ray Prohibited Item Image Synthesis.

Hao Wang, Tong Jia, Dongyue Chen

    IEEE Transactions on Image Processing : a Publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society
    |June 16, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Synthesizing realistic X-ray images for prohibited item detection is challenging. This study introduces a Contextual Style Coherence Network to improve image realism and diversity, enhancing security screening performance.

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    Area of Science:

    • Computer Vision
    • Artificial Intelligence
    • Security Technology

    Background:

    • Effective prohibited item detection in X-ray baggage images is vital for security.
    • Current methods struggle with data scarcity, requiring costly manual annotation.
    • Existing image synthesis techniques like Threat Image Projection (TIP) lack contextual style coherence, reducing realism.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel method for synthesizing realistic X-ray prohibited item images.
    • To address the limitations of existing TIP methods regarding style coherence and sample diversity.
    • To improve the performance of prohibited item detection systems through enhanced training data.

    Main Methods:

    • Proposed a Contextual Style Coherence Network for X-ray image synthesis.
    • Introduced a style fusion module for foreground-background coherence.
    • Utilized feature-space TIP, affine transformation for diversity, and Gram matrix for style normalization.
    • Employed mask partial convolution for seamless inpainting and boundary transition.
    • Implemented an unsupervised adversarial training pipeline with adversarial loss and total variation regularization.

    Main Results:

    • Generated synthetic X-ray images with improved quality and diversity.
    • Demonstrated enhanced style coherence between foreground items and background images.
    • Achieved better object detection performance on prohibited item detection datasets compared to existing methods.
    • Validated the effectiveness of the proposed style fusion and inpainting techniques.

    Conclusions:

    • The Contextual Style Coherence Network effectively synthesizes realistic X-ray prohibited item images.
    • The proposed method overcomes data insufficiency limitations in training security inspection systems.
    • This approach significantly improves the performance of prohibited item detection, contributing to enhanced security.