Multifunctional Piezoelectric Foams Enabling Noise Absorption and Deep-Learning-Driven Motion Recognition

Industrial and traffic noise pollution has emerged as a growing concern. However, conventional porous materials are restricted by high density and limited functionality. Lightweight and multifunctional acoustic materials are desirable for environmental and wearable applications. In this study, the bacterial cellulose-Ba_0.85Ca_0.15Zr_0.1Ti_0.9O₃ (BCZT)-melamine composite foams (BZMFs) with hierarchical pore channels were fabricated through freeze-casting. The hierarchical structure endows BZMFs with a noise reduction coefficient (NRC) of 0.24 under a low areal density of 11.36 mg·cm^-2. The introduction of BCZT nanofibers imparts piezoelectric sensing functionality, achieving a sensitivity of 0.256 V·kPa^-1, and the piezoelectric output remained stable after the sample completed 1890 dynamic compression cycles. Moreover, coupling BZMFs with a convolutional neural network enables accurate recognition of human motions, with classification accuracy exceeding 93.75%. These results demonstrate the multifunctionality of BZMFs and highlight their promising potential in noise reduction and intelligent motion monitoring.