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Medical Students' Understanding and Attitudes Toward Ethical Considerations in Pharmaceutical Ingredients: A Pre-Post
Hamdi Lababidi1, Abdelrahman Ahmed Bayoumi1, Christopher Bobier1
1Covenant HealthCare College of Medicine at Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA.
Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
|June 16, 2026
Summary
Medical students showed significant gains in knowledge and competence regarding medication ingredient ethics after a brief educational session. This training is crucial for improving culturally competent patient care and medication adherence.
Area of Science:
- Medical Education
- Pharmacology
- Bioethics
Background:
- Physicians often lack training in medication ingredient ethics, leading to gaps in care for patients with specific ingredient avoidance needs.
- A significant percentage of physicians (70%) are unaware of animal-derived ingredients in medications, highlighting a critical competency gap.
- This deficiency necessitates targeted interventions within medical education to address medication ingredient ethics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To design, implement, and evaluate an educational intervention focused on medication ingredient ethics for medical students.
- To assess the intervention's impact on students' perceived knowledge, competence, and attitudes towards modifying pharmacotherapy.
- To improve students' ability to manage patient needs related to medication ingredients.
Main Methods:
- A 15-minute educational session was delivered, covering ingredient ethics, resources, and a pharmacotherapy modification algorithm.
- Students participated in peer instruction with case-based scenarios following the presentation.
- Post-session surveys assessed perceived knowledge, competence, and attitudes using Likert scales, with data analyzed via Wilcoxon signed-rank and paired t-tests.
Main Results:
- Perceived knowledge and competence scores significantly increased from pre- to post-session (34.66 vs. 66.31, p < 0.001).
- All 16 individual knowledge and competence items demonstrated statistically significant improvements (p < 0.001).
- Attitudes towards medication ingredient ethics were highly favorable, with mean scores ranging from 3.76 to 3.92 on a 4-point scale.
Conclusions:
- The educational intervention effectively improved medical students' perceived knowledge and competence in medication ingredient ethics.
- Integrating medication ingredient ethics into curricula can enhance culturally competent care, patient trust, and medication adherence.
- Further research should explore multi-institutional interventions and long-term clinical application of these skills.
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