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Related Concept Videos

Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
Aging01:26

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...

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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Analysis of Brain Mitochondria Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy
07:47

Analysis of Brain Mitochondria Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy

Published on: July 9, 2016

Mitochondria and brain aging: From cell-specific dysfunction to intercellular cooperation.

Amandine Grimm1, Undine Lang2, Anne Eckert3

  • 1Cell Biology & Energy Metabolism, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Neuron
|June 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondria are crucial for brain aging, impacting neurons, glia, and vascular cells. This review explores mitochondrial dysfunction, intercellular transfer, and therapeutic strategies for age-related cognitive decline.

Keywords:
agingastrocytesblood-brain barrierbrainintercellular mitochondrial transfermicrogliamitochondriamitochondrial transplantationneuronsoligodendrocytes

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Isolation of Mitochondria for Mitochondrial Supercomplex Analysis from Small Tissue and Cell Culture Samples
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Isolation of Mitochondria for Mitochondrial Supercomplex Analysis from Small Tissue and Cell Culture Samples

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Analysis of Brain Mitochondria Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy
07:47

Analysis of Brain Mitochondria Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy

Published on: July 9, 2016

Isolation of Mitochondria for Mitochondrial Supercomplex Analysis from Small Tissue and Cell Culture Samples
05:45

Isolation of Mitochondria for Mitochondrial Supercomplex Analysis from Small Tissue and Cell Culture Samples

Published on: May 3, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Mitochondria are vital for brain energy metabolism and are implicated in brain aging.
  • Neurons are particularly susceptible to age-related mitochondrial decline, but glial and vascular cells also show impairments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize recent findings on mitochondrial dysfunction across different brain cell types and regions.
  • To explore intercellular mitochondrial transfer and transplantation as therapeutic strategies.
  • To review clinical trials targeting mitochondria for brain health in aging.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in mitochondrial research in aging brains.
  • Analysis of studies on subcellular compartmentalization and metabolic rewiring.
  • Examination of research on intercellular mitochondrial transfer and transplantation.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs across diverse brain cell types, not just neurons.
  • Intercellular mitochondrial transfer represents a novel form of metabolic cooperation.
  • Mitochondria-targeted interventions show therapeutic potential for age-related cognitive decline.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondria integrate and amplify brain aging processes across various cell populations.
  • Broadening the focus beyond neurons provides a comprehensive framework for understanding brain aging.
  • Translational efforts targeting mitochondrial dysfunction are crucial for combating age-related cognitive decline and neurodegeneration.