Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 18, 2026
05:30
Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
Published on: September 8, 2023
Density-aware and energy-gradient based relay selection for enhanced routing in mobile sink wireless sensor networks
Emad S Hassan1, Ayman A Alharbi2, Ibrahim Aqeel3
1Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia. eshassan@jazanu.edu.sa.
Scientific Reports
|June 16, 2026
Summary
A new Density-Energy Gradient-based Relay Routing (DEGR) protocol enhances Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) by balancing energy and optimizing routes. This approach extends network lifetime and improves data delivery efficiency.
Area of Science:
- Computer Science
- Network Engineering
- Wireless Communication
Background:
- Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) face challenges with limited network lifetime due to energy constraints and load imbalance.
- Existing routing protocols often struggle to efficiently manage energy distribution and maintain network longevity, especially in mobile scenarios.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce the Density-Energy Gradient-based Relay Routing (DEGR) protocol for mobile sink-enabled WSNs.
- To enhance network lifetime and routing efficiency by dynamically selecting energy-aware and strategically located relay nodes.
Main Methods:
- DEGR combines local node density and residual energy gradients for optimal relay node selection.
- The protocol dynamically forms routing paths, avoiding hotspots and balancing energy consumption.
- DEGR integrates an adaptive clustering model with circular sink mobility.
Main Results:
- DEGR significantly outperforms established protocols like LEACH, ECDRA, MS-LEACH, and MEADC.
- It increases the first node's lifespan by approximately 54% compared to LEACH.
- DEGR reduces energy consumption variance by about 40% and maintains a packet delivery ratio above 90%.
Conclusions:
- DEGR offers a superior approach to energy balancing and routing in mobile WSNs.
- The protocol effectively extends network lifespan and ensures reliable data transmission.
- DEGR demonstrates a significant performance advantage in simulated WSN environments.
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