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Venous Intervention in Children: Current Practice and Controversies

Kishore Minhas1, Aaron Stirling2, Aparna Annam3,4

  • 1Interventional Radiology, Radiology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK. kishore.minhas@gosh.nhs.uk.

Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology
|June 16, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Anticoagulation is standard for pediatric deep vein thrombosis, but endovascular interventions are increasingly used for severe cases. Specialized approaches are needed due to limited pediatric data and unique patient considerations.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Pediatric Interventional Radiology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Anticoagulation is the primary treatment for pediatric deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
  • Severe pediatric DVT cases may benefit from advanced endovascular interventions.
  • Chronic venous occlusions and compression syndromes pose unique challenges in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of endovascular interventions for pediatric venous conditions.
  • To highlight the challenges and considerations specific to pediatric venous interventions.
  • To emphasize the need for specialized expertise and further research in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of endovascular techniques including catheter-directed thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, and pharmacomechanical thrombectomy.
  • Discussion of angioplasty and venous stenting for chronic venous occlusions and compression syndromes.
  • Consideration of pediatric-specific factors such as patient size and skeletal maturity.

Main Results:

  • Endovascular interventions are gaining utility in severe pediatric DVT.
  • Venous stenting shows promise but requires careful consideration of growth and reintervention.
  • Pediatric venous interventions currently lag behind adult practices.

Conclusions:

  • A multidisciplinary and individualized approach is crucial for optimizing outcomes in pediatric venous interventions.
  • Further research and specialized expertise are essential to advance pediatric venous intervention care.
  • Addressing challenges like vessel growth and long-term outcomes is vital for pediatric venous stenting.

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