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Opportunities, risks and challenges integrating artificial intelligence into optometry education: A qualitative

Fiona Buckmaster¹, Diane van Staden², Lauren Coetzee¹

¹Centre for Vision Across the Life Span, Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.

Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry

|June 16, 2026

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Stakeholders identified key AI topics for optometry education, including interpretation of AI outputs and ethical considerations. Barriers like funding and rapid AI advancements need addressing for successful curriculum integration.

Area of Science:

Optometry education
Artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare
Curriculum development

Background:

AI integration in optometric practice necessitates curriculum adaptation in higher education.
Establishing educational priorities is crucial before teaching AI in optometry.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore diverse stakeholder perspectives on integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into optometry education.
To inform curriculum development for AI literacy in optometry programs.

Main Methods:

Semi-structured interviews with eyecare practitioners, students, educators, regulators, and AI experts.
Online interviews, verbatim transcription, and thematic analysis of qualitative data.

Main Results:

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Key AI topics identified for optometry curricula: interpreting AI outputs, foundational knowledge, ethical considerations, and clinical workflow integration.
Barriers include lack of AI device access, funding, time, and the need for frequent curriculum updates due to rapid AI advancements.
Students use AI tools for study, but concerns exist regarding plagiarism and reduced critical thinking; some institutions discourage AI use.

Conclusions:

Multidisciplinary input is vital for integrating AI into optometry education.
Further research is needed to implement and evaluate AI curriculum recommendations in practice.
The long-term cognitive impact of AI tools in education requires further investigation.