Preparing for later life in the Oosterpark neighborhood: a mixed-methods study among middle-aged and older adults

The global population is aging, and with this development, frailty prevalence is increasing as well. Age-related preparation activities could benefit the prevention or delay of frailty. Local stakeholders such as municipalities, welfare organizations, and community health services should understand how to support (future) older adults in old-age preparations in their local context. This study aims to describe and understand middle-aged and older adults' focus points, needs, and wishes in preparation for older age.

A mixed-methods study was conducted in the Oosterpark neighborhood in Groningen, a city in northern Netherlands, in 2023. Questionnaires regarding age-related preparations were collected both digitally and on paper. The questionnaire addressed nine themes: financial situation, emergencies, mental and physical fitness, housing, looks and appearance, personal relationships, health, leisure activities, professional activities. Additionally, focus group discussions were organized in the community center. Data were analyzed separately in SPSS and ATLAS.ti, and integrated analysis was conducted following the Pillar Integration Process.

In total, 134 questionnaires were completed (mean age 59 ± 12 years), six focus groups and two individual interviews were conducted. While respondents scored high on preparation for themes as physical and mental fitness or personal relationships, scores for themes as housing and leisure activities were lower. Participants identified a tenth theme, neighborhood, and several subthemes were added to existing themes of health and personal relationships. Although many were concerned with age-related preparation, few engaged in active preparation. People also indicated not knowing how to prepare or where to request help.

The study identified that middle-aged and older adults think about age-related preparation often, but hardly prepare actively for themes such as housing or financial situation. Local stakeholders, e.g., municipalities, social welfare organizations and community health organizations, should stimulate, facilitate and support citizens to prepare for later life by offering practical support, e.g. easily accessible information points. Taking into account the physical and social living environment of older adults is crucial. Better age-related preparedness could help to prevent or delay frailty, prolong independence and increase quality of life.