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Related Concept Videos

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Transtubular Endoscopic Posterolateral Decompression for L5-S1 Lumbar Lateral Disc Herniation
10:09

Transtubular Endoscopic Posterolateral Decompression for L5-S1 Lumbar Lateral Disc Herniation

Published on: October 14, 2022

Defining Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation (RLDH): An International Survey Study.

Jayant S Harhangi1, Annegien Boeykens1,2, Ellianne J Dos Santos Rubio2,3

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Park MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Global Spine Journal
|June 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

International experts defined recurrent lumbar disc herniation (RLDH) as a new herniation at the same level and side after a pain-free interval, confirmed by MRI. Surgical approaches varied by region and specialty.

Keywords:
RLDHconsensus definitiondiagnostic criteriaexpert surveylumbar discectomyrecurrent lumbar disc herniationsurgical treatment

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Transtubular Endoscopic Posterolateral Decompression for L5-S1 Lumbar Lateral Disc Herniation
10:09

Transtubular Endoscopic Posterolateral Decompression for L5-S1 Lumbar Lateral Disc Herniation

Published on: October 14, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Spinal Disorders

Background:

  • Recurrent lumbar disc herniation (RLDH) poses challenges in diagnosis and management.
  • Lack of international consensus complicates standardized treatment approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish international expert consensus on RLDH definition, diagnosis, imaging, and surgical management.
  • To identify variations in RLDH management based on geography and surgical specialty.

Main Methods:

  • An international cross-sectional survey was distributed to spinal disorder experts.
  • Survey covered definitions, clinical presentation, imaging, and surgical preferences for RLDH.
  • Consensus was defined as ≥70% agreement; statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests.

Main Results:

  • 510 experts participated; consensus reached on RLDH definition: new herniation, same level/side, post-pain-free interval, MRI confirmation.
  • MRI differentiation from scar tissue achieved strong consensus (87.0%).
  • Open microdiscectomy is the gold standard (43%), but significant geographic and specialty variations exist in surgical technique preferences.

Conclusions:

  • Established a foundational international consensus definition for RLDH.
  • Highlighted significant global and specialty-based variations in surgical management preferences.
  • Emphasized the need for MRI in diagnosing RLDH and differentiating it from postoperative changes.