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Gestational Intranasal Exposure to Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles in Rats.

Ji-Seong Jeong¹, Donghee Kim², Woojin Kim³

¹Laboratory of Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.

International Journal of Nanomedicine

|June 17, 2026

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Exposure to silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) during pregnancy caused localized respiratory changes but no harm to maternal or fetal health in rats. Further research is needed for diverse nanoparticle properties and exposure routes.

Area of Science:

Toxicology
Nanomaterial Safety
Reproductive Toxicology

Background:

Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) are widely used, with respiratory exposure being a major human contact route.
Potential reproductive and developmental toxicity of SiO2NPs via inhalation is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the maternal and developmental toxicity of SiO2NPs in pregnant rats following respiratory exposure.
To assess the effects of intranasal SiO2NP administration on pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and their fetuses.

Main Methods:

Pregnant rats were intranasally administered SiO2NPs daily from gestation day 6 to 20 at varying doses.
Animals underwent cesarean section on gestation day 21 for evaluation of maternal and fetal parameters.

Keywords:

developmental toxicity maternal toxicity nanotoxicology silicon dioxide nanoparticles

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Main Results:

Mild inflammatory and regenerative changes were observed in the respiratory tract.
No maternal mortality or systemic toxicity was noted.
Cesarean section parameters and fetal morphology showed no adverse developmental effects.

Conclusions:

Repeated intranasal SiO2NP exposure induced localized respiratory changes but no systemic maternal or embryo-fetal toxicity.
Findings support the assessment of respiratory SiO2NP exposure during pregnancy.
Further studies are recommended due to nanoparticle diversity and varied exposure scenarios.