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Outcomes of Diabetes Management with Continuous Glucose Monitoring Technology
Daniel Vayser1, Phoebe Wang1, Nolan Dafesh1
1Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91766 USA.
Archives of Internal Medicine Research
|June 17, 2026
Summary
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) significantly improves glycemic control and reduces hypoglycemia in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM/T2DM). Despite limitations, CGM offers economic benefits and enhanced patient quality of life, supporting its broader integration into diabetes care.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Disorders
- Medical Technology
Background:
- Diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM) presents a global health and economic challenge, with many patients struggling to meet glycemic targets.
- Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is an emerging technology addressing gaps in current diabetes management.
- Existing pharmacologic and self-monitoring therapies have limitations in achieving optimal glycemic control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize current literature on CGM's clinical outcomes, costs, and limitations.
- To evaluate CGM's impact on Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) populations.
- To examine future innovations in CGM technology.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive review of randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, registries, and meta-analyses.
- Evaluation of CGM use in pediatric, adult, and older adult T1DM and T2DM populations.
- Assessment of outcomes including HbA1c, time in range (TIR), hypoglycemia, healthcare costs, and patient-reported outcomes.
Main Results:
- CGM consistently improves glycemic control (HbA1c reduction 0.4-1.5%) and significantly reduces hypoglycemic events (up to 79%).
- CGM increases time in range (TIR), decreases glycemic variability, and reduces hospitalizations, leading to cost offsets.
- Patient-reported outcomes like satisfaction and quality of life consistently improve with CGM use.
Conclusions:
- CGM offers reproducible benefits in glycemic, economic, and patient-centered outcomes for both T1DM and T2DM.
- Despite limitations (dermatologic issues, sensor lag, alarm fatigue), evidence supports broader CGM integration.
- Future innovations in accuracy, automated insulin delivery, and data analytics are crucial for maximizing CGM's potential.
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