The fourth controlled release society workshop on oral peptide administration

The Controlled Release Society (CRS, www.controlledrelease.org) held its fourth iteration of research and development in oral peptide administration on 14 July 2025 in Philadelphia (United States), entitled "Recent advances in oral peptide delivery: from molecule to market." The previous versions were held in 2008, 2014, and 2023 (online), so it is a topic of continuing interest to drug delivery scientists as several oral peptide products have been released in the market over the period despite the enormous technical and commercial challenges involved. The workshop was co-sponsored by Frontiers in Drug Delivery, Novo Nordisk, Johnson and Johnson, Merck, Protagonist Therapeutics, Quotient Sciences, Genentech (Roche), and Bristol-Myers Squibb. It consisted of nine talks and two roundtable sessions. The overall aim of the workshop was to provide an update on the current clinical oral peptide programmes, address mechanistic progress on permeation enhancers, and evaluate the limitations of preclinical bioassays and animal models.