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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Mapping the Structure-Function Relationships of Disordered Oncogenic Transcription Factors Using Transcriptomic Analysis
09:58

Mapping the Structure-Function Relationships of Disordered Oncogenic Transcription Factors Using Transcriptomic Analysis

Published on: June 27, 2020

Decoding intrinsically disordered regions in chromatin dysfunction and cancer.

Audrey W Hong1, Colleen E Hannon1, Amy R Strom1

  • 1Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.

Journal of Cell Science
|June 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in proteins are crucial for nuclear functions and cancer. Understanding their complex behavior, including mutations, is key to predicting disease states and developing new cancer therapies.

Keywords:
Artificial intelligenceBiomolecular condensationCancerIntrinsically disordered regionsMachine learningNuclear structure and functionTranscriptional regulation

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Mapping the Structure-Function Relationships of Disordered Oncogenic Transcription Factors Using Transcriptomic Analysis
09:58

Mapping the Structure-Function Relationships of Disordered Oncogenic Transcription Factors Using Transcriptomic Analysis

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An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues
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Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C
09:32

Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C

Published on: October 14, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are common in chromatin regulatory proteins, influencing nuclear biochemistry via dynamic interactions and biomolecular condensation.
  • Approximately 20% of cancer-driver mutations occur in IDRs, challenging traditional structure-function models.
  • A predictive framework is needed to interpret the effects of mutations in these disordered regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize case studies of IDR roles in cancer-relevant nuclear functions.
  • To examine the molecular grammar and biophysical behavior of IDRs, including sequence patterns, charge, and post-translational modifications.
  • To highlight advanced experimental platforms for uncovering generalizable principles of IDR function.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing case-specific studies on IDRs in cancer.
  • Analysis of IDR biophysical properties (amino acid patterns, charge distribution, PTMs).
  • Examination of high-content experimental platforms for IDR research.

Main Results:

  • IDRs coordinate critical nuclear functions relevant to cancer.
  • Specific molecular features (amino acid patterns, charge, PTMs) govern IDR behavior.
  • Emerging experimental platforms facilitate a shift towards generalizable IDR principles.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating mechanistic insights with proteome-scale data can improve predictions of how disease-associated variants affect cellular states.
  • This unified approach can lay the groundwork for therapeutic targeting of the disordered proteome.
  • Developing predictive frameworks for IDRs is essential for understanding cancer and guiding therapeutic strategies.