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Effect of Passive Hamstring Stretching on Craniovertebral Angle, Muscle Activation Pattern and Proprioception in
Musawir Mohsin Parsa1, Zubia Veqar2, Shabnam Khan3
1Masters in Physiotherapy (Orthopaedics) student, Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
Background:
Forward head posture (FHP) is a common musculoskeletal condition associated with altered craniovertebral angle (CVA), reduced cervical range of motion (CROM), and impaired muscle activation. Conventional treatments mainly target local cervical muscles, often overlooking the role of the interconnected fascial system. Emerging evidence suggests that the posterior chain, particularly the hamstrings, may influence posture; therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of hamstring stretching on cervical parameters in individuals with FHP.
Objective:
To evaluate the effect of passive hamstring stretching on CVA, CROM, and muscle activation pattern in individuals with FHP.
Methods:
This study will include 70 asymptomatic young adults (18-26 years) with FHP (CVA ≤ 50°) and hamstring tightness (KEA ≥ 20°), randomly assigned to a control group (conventional physiotherapy) or an intervention group (conventional physical therapy plus additional passive hamstring stretching). The intervention will be conducted three times per week for 4 weeks. Outcomes (CVA, CROM, muscle activation pattern, proprioception) will be assessed at pre-intervention, follow-up, and post-intervention stages. The study has been approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee, Jamia Millia Islamia, and registered with the Central Trial Registry of India.
Statistical Analysis:
Data will be tested for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test, baseline differences will be analyzed using an independent samples t-test, and intervention effects over time will be evaluated using a mixed-design ANOVA.
Discussion:
This study will examine the effect of passive hamstring stretching on CVA, CROM, muscle activation, and cervical proprioception in individuals with FHP, highlighting the biomechanical and fascial links between the lower extremities and cervical spine.
Conclusions:
The findings may encourage a shift toward holistic interventions that address the entire fascial system, potentially offering more effective and lasting relief for FHP-related issues. This research could also enhance understanding of how different body regions are interconnected in musculoskeletal health.
Trial Registration:
Ethical: 20/11/575/JMI/IEC/2025, CTRI: CTRI/2026/02/102664. © 2026 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
