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Related Concept Videos

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Overview01:21

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Overview

Sample preparation is an essential step in the analytical process. It involves preparing a sample so that it can be analyzed accurately. The goal is to extract the analyte, the substance you want to measure, from the sample while removing any components that may interfere with the analysis. Sample preparation techniques vary depending on the physical state of the sample.
Bulk or large solid samples are typically reduced in size using grinding, crushing, or milling techniques to increase the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Detection of Regulated Ergot Alkaloids in Food Matrices by Liquid Chromatography-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
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Optimizing sample preparation for homogeneous mycotoxin distribution in official control analyses.

Francesca Debegnach1, Emanuela Gregori1, Marianna Rizzo2

  • 1Dipartimento di Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.

Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore Di Sanita
|June 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate mycotoxin analysis requires effective sample homogenization. Fine grinding and aqueous slurry preparation of maize grain samples proved most effective for achieving reliable and homogeneous results in official controls.

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Area of Science:

  • Food safety analysis
  • Analytical chemistry
  • Agricultural science

Background:

  • Mycotoxin distribution in cereal batches is highly heterogeneous.
  • Accurate analytical results depend on representative sampling.
  • Sample homogenization is a critical preparatory step for mycotoxin analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate four homogenization procedures for aggregate grain samples.
  • To provide standardized instructions for official control frameworks.
  • To compare procedures based on mycotoxin distribution variability, workload, and time.

Main Methods:

  • Four 10 kg aggregate maize grain samples were used, following Regulation (EU) 2023/2782.
  • Analytical variability of aflatoxin (B1, B2) and fumonisin (B1, B2) was measured.
  • Homogeneity was assessed using the relative standard deviation of repeatability (RSDr).

Main Results:

  • Contamination levels and homogeneity varied across procedures.
  • The relative standard deviation of repeatability (RSDr) was used as an acceptability criterion.
  • Procedures were compared based on their ability to reduce mycotoxin variability.

Conclusions:

  • Fine grinding (particle size <0.5 mm) significantly improved sample homogeneity.
  • Aqueous slurry preparation also yielded highly homogeneous samples.
  • These methods are recommended for reliable mycotoxin analysis in official controls.