Prevalence of insomnia and related factors in individuals aged 80 years and over: a cross-sectional study

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of insomnia and identify associated sociodemographic and clinical factors among individuals aged 80 years and older.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between October and November 2025 in the Advanced Age Unit of Elazığ City Hospital, Turkey. A total of 419 participants aged ≥80 years were enrolled. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The presence and severity of insomnia were assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index. An Insomnia Severity Index score ≥8 was accepted as indicative of insomnia.

The prevalence of insomnia was 38.2%. Insomnia was significantly more frequent among women compared with men (p=0.010). Low economic status was associated with a higher rate of insomnia (p=0.033). A history of falls, hypertension, diabetes, and polypharmacy showed significant associations with insomnia (all p<0.05). Insomnia Severity Index score demonstrated a positive correlation with the number of chronic diseases (r=0.487; p<0.001) and the number of medications used (r=0.455; p<0.001).

Insomnia is common among individuals aged 80 years and older and is associated with female gender, low economic status, polypharmacy, multiple chronic diseases, and a history of falls. Insomnia in older adults should not be considered a normal part of aging, but a manageable condition that affects overall well-being. Routine sleep assessment and management of underlying risk factors should be integral components of geriatric care.