Low-dimensional multiscale dynamics of intermittent reversals in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection

We investigate whether a strongly turbulent flow with intermittent large-scale reorganizations admits a compact state-space description. As a representative high-dimensional chaotic system, we consider two-dimensional Rayleigh-Bénard convection at high Rayleigh number, whose dynamics are governed by multiscale interactions and rare reversals of the large-scale circulation. We introduce a multiscale latent dynamical framework in which the temporal evolution is first decomposed into slow and fast components and each is mapped to a nonlinear low-dimensional representation that is evolved by a closed dynamical system, showing that temporal scale separation alone enables an autonomous low-dimensional description of the chaotic dynamics. This strategy reduces the system from an original state space dimension of O(105) to a compact 20-dimensional latent space while preserving the essential multiscale dynamics. Our model reproduces the main trends of instantaneous flow structures, Reynolds stresses, energy autocorrelations, and long-time quantities such as angular momentum and wall observables. Furthermore, a waiting time analysis of flow reversals validates the statistical alignment of model prediction and direct numerical simulations results. The explicit modeling of separate slow and fast branches yields significantly improved accuracy in both short-time flow structures and long-time reversal statistics, compared to single-branch alternatives. These results provide evidence that intermittent turbulent dynamics can evolve on a compact manifold when their intrinsic multiscale structure is respected, offering a route toward reduced dynamical descriptions and prediction of rare events in high-dimensional chaos.