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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers01:28

Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers

Synthetic polymers are classified as elastomers, fibers, or plastics based on their crystallinity. Crystallinity, the degree of long-range order in the solid state, influences the mechanical properties (stretching or contracting) of elastomers. Elastomers are flexible polymers that can expand or contract easily upon the application of an external force. They have numerous crosslinks that pull them back into their original shape when stress is removed. Silicones, for instance, are highly elastic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

Tailoring Molecular Structures of Polyimides for Frontier Applications.

Lizhe Wang1, Yuan Dong1, Yawei Shi1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|June 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Polyimides (PIs) offer a unique combination of thermal stability, mechanical strength, and chemical resistance. Their versatile structure allows tailoring for advanced applications, from aerospace to electronics packaging.

Keywords:
chemical resistanceelectronic packagingimidematerials sciencenanotechnologypolymerthermal insulationthermal stabilitythermosetting polymer

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Microfluidic Fabrication of Polymeric and Biohybrid Fibers with Predesigned Size and Shape
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Synthesis of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Janus Microhydrogels for Anisotropic Thermo-responsiveness and Organophilic/Hydrophilic Loading Capability
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Synthesis of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Janus Microhydrogels for Anisotropic Thermo-responsiveness and Organophilic/Hydrophilic Loading Capability

Published on: February 27, 2016

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

Microfluidic Fabrication of Polymeric and Biohybrid Fibers with Predesigned Size and Shape
07:38

Microfluidic Fabrication of Polymeric and Biohybrid Fibers with Predesigned Size and Shape

Published on: January 8, 2014

Synthesis of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Janus Microhydrogels for Anisotropic Thermo-responsiveness and Organophilic/Hydrophilic Loading Capability
09:09

Synthesis of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Janus Microhydrogels for Anisotropic Thermo-responsiveness and Organophilic/Hydrophilic Loading Capability

Published on: February 27, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Polyimides (PIs) are crucial in advanced technologies due to their exceptional thermal stability, mechanical robustness, electrical insulation, and chemical resistance.
  • Emerging applications demand additional functionalities like optical transparency and photosensitivity without sacrificing long-term reliability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the structural tunability of polyimides for enhanced performance.
  • To outline how molecular design and processing influence polyimide properties for diverse applications.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical modification of the imide backbone by adjusting rigidity, polarity, and free volume.
  • Incorporation of specific units like fluorinated or alicyclic groups.
  • Introduction of crosslinkable end-groups and organic-inorganic hybrid structures.

Main Results:

  • Tailored PI systems demonstrate versatility for various processing routes and material forms.
  • Achieved diverse material forms including thermosetting resins, engineering plastics, foams, aerogels, films, coatings, and photosensitive polyimides (PSPIs).
  • Established structure-processing-property relationships guide material design.

Conclusions:

  • The structural versatility of polyimides enables customization for demanding technological requirements.
  • Understanding structure-property relationships is key to developing advanced polyimide materials.
  • Polyimides are adaptable for a wide range of applications, from aerospace to electronic packaging.