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A Novel Eye- and Head-Tracking Interface for Digital Pathology Reduces Hand Movement and Improves Target Detection

Alana Lopes, Bojana Djordjevic, Emily A Goebel

    Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
    |June 17, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    Eye and head tracking offer feasible, ergonomic alternatives for digital pathology slide assessment. These non-hand-based input devices show comparable accuracy to the mouse while reducing repetitive strain injury risks.

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    Area of Science:

    • Digital pathology
    • Human-computer interaction
    • Ergonomics

    Background:

    • Digital pathology slide assessment presents ergonomic challenges, increasing repetitive strain injury risk with traditional hand-based input devices.
    • Exploring alternative, non-hand-based input methods is crucial for improving pathologist workflow and well-being.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the feasibility and performance of eye and head tracking as input devices in digital pathology.
    • To compare the accuracy and efficiency of eye/head tracking against the standard computer mouse for representative pathology tasks.

    Main Methods:

    • Eight pathologists performed five digital pathology tasks (measuring, counting, zooming, panning, target identification).
    • Tasks were completed using both a computer mouse and eye/head tracking systems, with eye gaze data recorded.
    • Pathologist experience was assessed via a post-study survey.

    Main Results:

    • Eye gaze measurements demonstrated higher accuracy (0.18% improvement) compared to mouse use (P = .001).
    • Hand movement was significantly reduced with eye and head tracking for tasks like counting, zooming, and panning.
    • Head tracking resulted in zero missed targets, contrasting with eight missed targets using the mouse.

    Conclusions:

    • Eye and head tracking are viable input devices for digital pathology, offering accuracy comparable to the computer mouse.
    • Head tracking provides a safer and superior method for continuous image panning during exhaustive target searches.
    • Non-hand-based input systems show promise for enhancing digital pathology workflows and reducing ergonomic risks.