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Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators
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Tuning Adhesion through 3D Mesogen Alignment in Liquid Crystalline Elastomers.

Paula A Pranda1, Hyunki Kim2, Jason Clapper2

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|June 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) with homeotropic alignment show enhanced adhesion on rough surfaces. This unique molecular orientation enables superior energy dissipation and conformal adaptation for advanced adhesive applications.

Keywords:
adhesionhomeotropiclap shearliquid crystalline elastomerspeel testpressure-sensitive adhesivessurface roughness

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Adhesion Science

Background:

  • Anisotropic adhesives offer tunable bonding and release properties.
  • Controlling molecular orientation is key to advanced adhesive functionalities in soft robotics and wearables.
  • Understanding factors governing adhesive anisotropy is crucial for material development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how mesogen orientation in liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) affects peel and shear adhesion.
  • To evaluate the impact of different LCE alignments (planar parallel, planar orthogonal, homeotropic, isotropic) on adhesive performance.
  • To identify optimal LCE orientations for enhanced adhesion, particularly on challenging rough surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of LCEs with four distinct molecular orientations: planar parallel, planar orthogonal, homeotropic, and isotropic.
  • Systematic evaluation of peel and shear adhesion properties for each LCE orientation.
  • Analysis of mesogen reorientation and energy dissipation mechanisms under shear stress.

Main Results:

  • Planar LCEs demonstrated classic directional anisotropy.
  • Homeotropic LCE alignment induced a unique out-of-plane nonlinear viscoelastic deformation axis.
  • Homeotropic LCEs exhibited superior energy dissipation at low deformation rates and conformal adaptation to surface asperities.
  • Homeotropic LCEs maintained or enhanced adhesion on rough substrates.

Conclusions:

  • Mesogen orientation significantly influences the adhesive properties of LCEs.
  • Homeotropic alignment provides a distinct mechanism for energy dissipation and improved adhesion on rough surfaces.
  • Homeotropic LCEs offer a promising solution for pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) in challenging environments.