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Related Concept Videos

Symmetry in Maxwell's Equations01:28

Symmetry in Maxwell's Equations

Once the fields have been calculated using Maxwell's four equations, the Lorentz force equation gives the force that the fields exert on a charged particle moving with a certain velocity. The Lorentz force equation combines the force of the electric field and of the magnetic field on the moving charge. Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz force law together encompass all the laws of electricity and magnetism. The symmetry that Maxwell introduced into his mathematical framework may not be...
Energy to Drive Translocation01:37

Energy to Drive Translocation

Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...
Conservation of Energy in Control Volume01:14

Conservation of Energy in Control Volume

Consider a turbine operating under steady-flow conditions. The control volume is drawn around the turbine, with fluid entering at one point and exiting at another. The turbine extracts energy from the fluid, which performs mechanical work (shaft work).
For steady flow systems, the time derivative of the stored energy becomes zero since there is no energy accumulation within the control volume. This simplifies the energy equation to:
Energy Diagrams - II01:10

Energy Diagrams - II

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Energy Associated With a Charge Distribution01:21

Energy Associated With a Charge Distribution

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Magnetic Vector Potential01:15

Magnetic Vector Potential

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Microfluidic-based Electrotaxis for On-demand Quantitative Analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans' Locomotion
10:23

Microfluidic-based Electrotaxis for On-demand Quantitative Analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans' Locomotion

Published on: May 2, 2013

Vector nematodynamics with symmetry-driven energy exchange.

L M Pismen1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel. pismen@technion.ac.il.

The European Physical Journal. E, Soft Matter
|June 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new nematodynamic theory, moving beyond near-equilibrium assumptions. It reveals local symmetry principles for energy and momentum exchange between nematic alignment and flow, resolving instabilities.

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C. elegans Tracking and Behavioral Measurement
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C. elegans Tracking and Behavioral Measurement

Published on: November 17, 2012

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Microfluidic-based Electrotaxis for On-demand Quantitative Analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans' Locomotion
10:23

Microfluidic-based Electrotaxis for On-demand Quantitative Analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans' Locomotion

Published on: May 2, 2013

C. elegans Tracking and Behavioral Measurement
07:36

C. elegans Tracking and Behavioral Measurement

Published on: November 17, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Existing nematodynamic theories rely on Onsager's near-equilibrium relations.
  • These theories face limitations in accurately describing complex fluid behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel theoretical framework for nematodynamics.
  • To establish new relations between nematic orientation and fluid flow.
  • To address limitations of near-equilibrium assumptions in current theories.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a theory based on local symmetry between nematic alignment rotation and flow rotation.
  • Utilized a vector-based theory with a variable modulus.
  • Incorporated antisymmetric interactions between nematic alignment and flow.

Main Results:

  • Established energy and momentum exchange mechanisms between nematic alignment and flow without near-equilibrium constraints.
  • Avoided spurious instabilities often observed in existing models.
  • Identified the underlying causes of these instabilities.

Conclusions:

  • The novel approach provides a more robust description of nematodynamics.
  • The theory offers insights into the behavior of active nematic systems.
  • It resolves long-standing issues with theoretical instabilities.