Targeting Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Enzymes With Cousinia cirsioides Boiss. and Bal. Extracts and Major
Hatice Şevval Ceyhan1, Leyla Paşayeva1, Hanifa Fatullayev2
1Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye.
Abstract:
This study investigated the antioxidant properties and enzyme-inhibitory activities of Cousinia cirsioides extracts and sub-extracts, along with their phytochemical composition. In this study, the aerial parts of C. cirsioides were extracted with 70% methanol and fractionated into n-hexane, ethyl acetate (CSE), n-butanol, and water sub-extracts. Enzyme inhibition activities were tested against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and tyrosinase. Antioxidant capacities were evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and CUPRAC assays. TPC, TFC and LC-HRMS analyses were used to identify the phytochemical profile of the extracts. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity was investigated using the microdilution method. As a result, the CSE sub-extract exhibited the most potent antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities among the extracts. It showed significant inhibition of α-amylase (IC50 = 167.967 µg/mL), AChE (IC50 = 134.165 µg/mL), and tyrosinase (IC50 = 122.354 µg/mL), among others. Moreover, a moderate antimicrobial effect was found in n-hexane sub-extract. LC-HRMS analysis revealed high levels of isoquercitrin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and protocatechuic acid in the active sub-extract. These compounds were also subjected to the same bioactivity tests. It is revealed that these compounds demonstrated individual bioactivities, although less potent than the extract, suggesting synergistic effects.
