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Related Concept Videos

Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:26

Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
Hallucinations
Hallucinations in...
Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview01:28

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview

The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic symptoms in all...
Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation. For...
Schizophrenia01:17

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those diagnosed.
Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within the...

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Related Experiment Videos

Psychological Interventions Targeting Auditory Hallucinations in Persons With Psychotic Disorders: A Systematic

Laura Fässler1,2, Sarah Koop1,3, Felix Opper1,2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.

JAMA Psychiatry
|June 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Psychological interventions effectively reduce auditory hallucinations (AHs) severity in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). Avatar therapy showed the most significant impact, offering new avenues for clinical care and research.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Auditory hallucinations (AHs) are a core symptom of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs), causing significant distress.
  • Comprehensive evidence on the efficacy of interventions targeting AHs in SSDs is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of psychological and psychosocial interventions for AHs in SSDs.
  • To compare the effectiveness of different therapeutic approaches targeting AHs.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was conducted.
  • Searches included major databases (Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, etc.) up to August 2025.
  • Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers, with meta-analysis using Hedges g.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-three studies with 2016 participants were included.
  • Targeted interventions significantly reduced AHs severity (SMD, -0.18; P=.007; NNT, 16) compared to controls.
  • Avatar therapy demonstrated the largest effect size for reducing AHs severity (SMD, -0.37; P<.001), with treatments showing high tolerability.

Conclusions:

  • Psychological and psychosocial interventions are effective in reducing AHs severity and associated symptoms in SSDs.
  • Avatar therapy shows particular promise for addressing AH symptoms.
  • Findings support the development of targeted interventions to improve clinical care for individuals with SSDs experiencing AHs.