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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II01:18

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The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
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Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I01:25

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A model is a theoretical way to understand a concept or an idea. Models can overcome barriers to health regardless of diverse economic and cultural backgrounds. In addition, models make the task easier by providing different ways to approach complex issues. There are two major health promotion models: the health belief model and the health promotion model.
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Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Confounding is a critical issue in epidemiological studies, often leading to misleading conclusions about associations between exposures and outcomes. It occurs when the relationship between the exposure and the outcome is mixed with the effects of other factors that influence the outcome. Given that, addressing confounding is of high importance for drawing accurate inferences in research.
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A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
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Correcting Course: From Race-Based to Race-Conscious Practice in Maternal-Infant Health.

Devlynne S Ondusko1, Davlyn M Tillman2, Valencia Walker3

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Understanding how infant health inequities develop is key to ending race-based medicine. A race-conscious, trauma-informed approach requires addressing racism

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Published on: February 16, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Health Equity

Background:

  • Health inequities in neonatal and infant care stem from historical and current laws and policies.
  • Race-based medicine incorrectly uses race as a proxy for biological differences, leading to disparities.
  • Existing practices in Obstetrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine have perpetuated healthcare inequities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the development of neonatal and infant health inequities.
  • To advocate for a transition from race-based to race-conscious, trauma-informed healthcare.
  • To identify strategies for mitigating and eliminating health disparities across the perinatal continuum.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of policies and their impact on healthcare access and quality.
  • Examination of how race-based medicine contributes to inequities.
  • Review of barriers faced by families in neonatal care settings.
  • Exploration of culturally attuned approaches and workforce diversification.

Main Results:

  • Health inequities are amplified across the perinatal continuum.
  • Racism, not race, is identified as the primary driver of outcome disparities.
  • Outdated policies and practices contribute significantly to these inequities.

Conclusions:

  • Acknowledging racism is essential for addressing health outcome disparities.
  • A race-conscious, trauma-informed approach requires systemic changes in policy, practice, and workforce.
  • Continued critical assessment of policy and research is necessary to eliminate racism's impact on health, education, and patient care.