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Related Concept Videos

Microbial Corrosion01:24

Microbial Corrosion

Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is a significant form of material degradation caused by the metabolic activities of microorganisms. This phenomenon poses substantial challenges across various industries, including oil and gas, maritime, and water treatment sectors.MIC occurs when microorganisms, such as bacteria, archaea, and fungi, colonize metal surfaces, forming biofilms that alter the local electrochemical environment. These biofilms can lead to the production of corrosive...
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Chemical Agents for Microbial Control

Chemicals play important roles in controlling microbial growth by targeting microbial structures and functions as sanitizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, and sterilants.Alcohols are commonly used sanitizers, effectively disrupting lipid membranes, which compromises cell integrity. They are also used as antiseptics and disinfectants due to their rapid action and versatility.Phenols and their derivatives phenolics , known for denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes, are particularly...
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Antimicrobial Effectiveness

The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Surfaces In Vitro
11:52

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Surfaces In Vitro

Published on: April 21, 2023

Core-Shell Nanoparticle Additive Enables High-Efficacy Antimicrobial Coatings.

Ricardo Ortega1, Zhengtao Yang1, Serkan Demirci1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|June 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces core-shell particles for cost-effective, waterborne antimicrobial coatings. These particles offer rechargeable, long-lasting bacterial killing for hygienic surfaces.

Keywords:
N-halamineantibacterialcoating additivecore−shell particleshydantoin acrylamide

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Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Surfaces In Vitro
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Advanced Compositional Analysis of Nanoparticle-polymer Composites Using Direct Fluorescence Imaging
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Advanced Compositional Analysis of Nanoparticle-polymer Composites Using Direct Fluorescence Imaging

Published on: July 19, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Antimicrobial Technology

Background:

  • Microbial growth on surfaces is a significant challenge in maintaining hygienic environments.
  • Hydantoin-based antimicrobials offer potent, low-toxicity, and durable biocidal properties.
  • Existing hydantoin acrylamides (HAs) have limitations in waterborne coatings due to cost and solubility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a cost-effective and water-soluble antimicrobial additive using hydantoin-based materials.
  • To create a core-shell (CS) particle architecture for enhanced performance in waterborne coatings.
  • To demonstrate the efficacy and reusability of the CS particles as antimicrobial agents.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized core-shell particles with a polystyrene core and a poly(hydantoin acrylamide) (PHA) shell.
  • Activated CS particles with dilute chlorine bleach to generate antimicrobial N-halamines.
  • Incorporated CS particles into waterborne coatings and evaluated their antimicrobial activity and rechargeability.
  • Tested contact killing efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Main Results:

  • The CS particle design reduced HA usage by 65%, lowering material costs by approximately 3-fold.
  • CS particles showed improved solid loadings (18-fold increase) and smaller particle sizes compared to pure PHA.
  • Activated CS particles exhibited higher oxidative chlorine levels, leading to effective antimicrobial N-halamine generation.
  • Antimicrobial coatings with CS particles demonstrated 100% bacterial killing within 30 minutes and were rechargeable over five cycles.

Conclusions:

  • The core-shell particle approach provides an efficient and scalable method for producing durable antimicrobial additives.
  • CS particles overcome the limitations of traditional HAs, enabling their integration into waterborne coating systems.
  • This technology offers a promising solution for creating long-lasting, rechargeable antimicrobial surfaces with reduced material costs.