Tungsten-Doped RuO₂ Enables Direct Chloride Adsorption and Accelerated Krishtalik Kinetics for Industrial...

As one of the largest and most energy-intensive electrochemical sectors, the chlor-alkali industry heavily relies on the use of iridium-based dimensionally stable anodes (DSAs) with high cost and limited catalytic performance. Herein, we report a tungsten(W)-doped ruthenium oxide (RuWO_x) anodic catalyst, which delivers efficient chlorine evolution reaction (CER) under industrial chlor-alkali conditions and achieves an ultralow overpotential of 15.9 mV at 10 mA cm^-2 with 99.6% chlorine selectivity. Experimental and theoretical analysis reveal that W effectively withdraws electrons from Ru sites, changes chloride adsorption from indirect Ru─O─Cl motifs to direct Ru─Cl binding, thereby accelerating the ^*Cl→^*Cl⁺ electron-transfer (Krishtalik) step. Furthermore, the catalyst can work stably for over 1100 h in a zero-gap catalyst-coated membrane (CCM) cell, with a low cell voltage of 2.58 V at 0.5 A cm^-2 and chlorine selectivity exceeding 94%, demonstrating its industrial application potential.