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Related Concept Videos

Electrochemical Systems01:24

Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical systems provide a fascinating insight into the dynamic interplay of charged species within various phases. One notable example is the interaction between a membrane permeable to K⁺ ions but not to Cl⁻ ions, separating an aqueous KCl solution from pure water. As K⁺ ions diffuse through the membrane, they generate net charges on each phase, leading to a potential difference between them.Similarly, when a piece of Zn is immersed in an aqueous ZnSO₄ solution, the Zn metal, composed...
Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...
Electrochemical Cells01:28

Electrochemical Cells

Electrochemical cells are systems that convert chemical energy into electrical energy or use electrical energy to drive chemical reactions. They consist of two electrodes in contact with an electrolyte, where redox reactions enable electron transfer. Most electrochemical cells include two half-cells connected by an external wire for electron flow and a salt bridge for ion flow. The salt bridge contains an electrolyte solution and maintains charge neutrality by allowing ions—not electrons—to...
Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
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Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
Radical Formation: Homolysis00:54

Radical Formation: Homolysis

A bond is formed between two atoms by sharing two electrons. When this bond is broken by supplying sufficient energy, either two electrons can be taken up by one atom forming ions by the cleavage called heterolysis, or the two electrons are shared by two atoms, with one each creating radicals by the cleavage called homolysis.

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Published on: April 10, 2018

Self-Coordinating Electronic Metal-Support Interaction Stabilizes Ultralow-Loading Ir Single Atoms for Durable Acidic

Yilin Gao1, Hongqiang Jin1, Ruihan Gong2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a dynamic electronic metal-support interaction (EMSI) for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). This approach enhances iridium catalyst stability and activity, minimizing precious metal use in acidic oxygen evolution reactions (OER).

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Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: June 9, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Engineering electronic metal-support interactions (EMSI) is crucial for scalable proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) using low iridium (Ir) loadings.
  • A persistent challenge is reconciling high-valent Ir's association with optimal intermediate adsorption and low-valent Ir's link to corrosion resistance, indicating limitations of static EMSI models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a dynamic charge-compensation mechanism to overcome the activity-stability trade-off in acidic oxygen evolution reactions (OER).
  • To engineer an atomically dispersed Ir-O-Co interface for enhanced PEMWE anode performance.

Main Methods:

  • Anchoring isolated Iridium (Ir) single atoms onto spinel Cobalt Oxide (Co3O4) to create an atomically dispersed Ir-O-Co interface.
  • Investigating a dynamic charge-compensation mechanism involving Ir oxidation at low bias and Co3O4 charge back-compensation at high bias.

Main Results:

  • The engineered interface exhibits a self-coordinating EMSI, breaking the conventional activity-stability trade-off in acidic OER.
  • An integrated PEM water electrolyzer with an Ir single-atom catalyst demonstrated stable operation for over 1500 hours at 1.0 A cm⁻².
  • Achieved ultralow Ir loading of 0.1 mg cm⁻².

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic, self-coordinating EMSI is vital for durable and efficient PEMWE anodes.
  • This approach enables significant reduction in precious metal usage for water electrolysis.