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Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
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Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children from...
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A Treatment Package without Escape Extinction to Address Food Selectivity
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Multilevel Nutrition Interventions for Obesity Prevention Among Children With Intellectual and Developmental

Angela C B Trude1, Zoya N Rehman1, Andrea L Deierlein2

  • 1Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, New York, USA.

Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
|June 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Nutrition interventions show promise for improving dietary habits in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. However, conclusive evidence on obesity reduction is lacking, necessitating further research with robust designs.

Keywords:
health promotionintellectual disabilitynutritionobesity

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics
  • Nutrition Science

Background:

  • Childhood obesity is a significant concern, disproportionately impacting children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) due to unique risk factors.
  • These risks include food selectivity, metabolic variations, and societal inequities, highlighting the need for targeted obesity prevention strategies.
  • Nutrition plays a pivotal role in managing and preventing obesity in this vulnerable population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effectiveness of nutrition-based interventions for preventing obesity in children with IDDs.
  • To examine interventions across various socio-ecological levels, including household, school, community, and policy.
  • To synthesize evidence on the impact of these interventions on diet-related behaviors and obesity indicators.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines was conducted, searching four major electronic databases.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on nutrition-based obesity prevention interventions for children with IDDs, assessing outcomes related to diet and obesity.
  • Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers to ensure rigor.

Main Results:

  • Ten articles met the inclusion criteria from an initial 3531 citations; most interventions were school-based.
  • Interventions frequently combined nutrition education, behavioral strategies, and environmental changes, with 80% targeting the school level.
  • While improvements in diet-related behaviors (e.g., fruit/vegetable intake) were noted, significant obesity reductions were not consistently observed, potentially due to small sample sizes and methodological limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Nutrition-based interventions demonstrate potential for enhancing dietary behaviors in children with IDDs.
  • Current evidence is insufficient to confirm the effectiveness of these interventions in reducing obesity rates.
  • Future research requires rigorous designs, family involvement, and community engagement for improved efficacy and sustainability.