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Related Concept Videos

Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Types of Microorganisms01:29

Types of Microorganisms

Microorganisms are a diverse group of microscopic entities broadly categorized into cellular and acellular types based on their structural organization. Cellular microorganisms include bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and algae, while acellular microorganisms are represented by viruses.Cellular MicroorganismsBacteriaBacteria, tiny prokaryotic organisms, exhibit fascinating shapes such as rods, spheres, and spirals. They adapt to diverse habitats, including soil, water, and human-associated...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Single-cell Quantitation of mRNA and Surface Protein Expression in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected CD4+ T Cells Isolated from Rhesus macaques
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Single-cell Quantitation of mRNA and Surface Protein Expression in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected CD4+ T Cells Isolated from Rhesus macaques

Published on: September 25, 2018

Deciphering viral infections at single-cell resolution: From immune dynamics to host-pathogen interactions.

Wan Zhou1, Pan Xu2

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases
|June 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revolutionizes viral infection research by detailing cellular responses and host-pathogen interactions. This technology aids in understanding immune dynamics and discovering biomarkers for viral diseases.

Keywords:
Comparative virologyHost–pathogen interactionsImmune heterogeneitySingle-cell RNA sequencingViral infections

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Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'
08:31

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'

Published on: May 26, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a powerful tool for studying viral infections at high resolution.
  • It reveals cellular heterogeneity, immune responses, and host-pathogen interactions.
  • Applications span various viruses like SARS-CoV-2, HBV, HIV, influenza, and RSV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in scRNA-seq applications for viral infection research.
  • To highlight insights into immune regulation, host-pathogen co-transcriptomics, and signaling pathways.
  • To discuss limitations, computational strategies, and future integration with other omics platforms.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of viral transcripts within single infected cells.
  • Characterization of immune cell heterogeneity and landscape remodeling.
  • Integrated T-cell receptor (TCR) and B-cell receptor (BCR) sequencing for adaptive immunity.

Main Results:

  • scRNA-seq identifies distinct cellular states and distinguishes infected from bystander cells.
  • It reveals virus-induced transcriptional reprogramming and intra-host viral diversity.
  • Comparative studies show shared antiviral programs and virus-specific adaptations in acute and chronic infections.

Conclusions:

  • scRNA-seq provides critical insights into viral pathogenesis and immune responses.
  • It facilitates biomarker discovery and understanding of viral evolution.
  • Future integration with spatial transcriptomics and multi-omics will enhance mechanistic understanding and therapeutic strategies for viral diseases.