Plug-and-play - enzymatic amino acid production from methanol and carbon dioxide

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and thus among the macronutrients to feed humankind. They have extensive industrial applications as animal feed and food additives like dietary supplements, and flavor enhancers and moreover as chemical precursors. We present the design of a synthetic enzyme cascade system for synthesizing a series of amino acids from methanol. This acts as a case study on how to contribute to the sustainable, renewable energy-based supply of food and feed. The modular nature of the cascade allows for plug-and-play module swapping and fine tuning of enzyme composition to customize the target compound. The one-pot enzymatic systems, capable of utilizing methanol, ammonia, and, partially, carbon dioxide, were employed to synthesize glycine, serine, L-aspartic acid, L-valine, L-glutamic acid, and L-proline. Considering the increasing availability of methanol produced from carbon dioxide through thermocatalytic and even electrocatalytic and photocatalytic processes, methanol represents a key intermediate in future CO₂-based value chains. In this context, our study provides a pathway for amino acid synthesis and food and feed production based on methanol and CO₂ as carbon building blocks with reduced environmental impact.