A 98-qubit trapped-ion quantum computer with all-to-all connectivity.

Area of Science:

• Quantum Computing
• Quantum Information Science
• Atomic Physics

Background:

• Trapped-ion quantum processors offer high gate fidelities but face scaling challenges.
• Achieving large qubit numbers while maintaining performance is crucial for quantum advantage.
• The quantum charge-coupled device (QCCD) architecture is a promising approach for scalable quantum computing.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report on the development and performance of Quantinuum Helios, a 98-qubit trapped-ion quantum processor.
• To demonstrate a scalable trapped-ion system with high-fidelity operations and all-to-all connectivity.
• To establish a new frontier in quantum computing fidelity and complexity.

Main Methods:

• Utilized a 98-qubit trapped-ion quantum processor based on the QCCD architecture.
• Employed 137Ba+ hyperfine qubits and a rotatable ion storage ring for all-to-all connectivity.
• Implemented parallelized operations and a real-time compilation software stack.

Main Results:

• Achieved average infidelities of 2.5(1)×10^-5 for single-qubit gates and 7.9(2)×10^-4 for two-qubit gates.
• Demonstrated state preparation and measurement (SPAM) infidelity of 3.3(5)×10^-4.
• Showcased system-level performance in random Clifford circuits and random circuit sampling (RCS), surpassing classical simulation capabilities.

Conclusions:

• Quantinuum Helios represents a significant advancement in trapped-ion quantum computing, achieving high fidelity across numerous qubits.
• The processor's performance in RCS indicates it operates beyond classical simulation limits, setting a new benchmark for quantum computing.
• The demonstrated scalability and fidelity pave the way for future fault-tolerant quantum computers.