Advances in Dynamic/Adaptive Supramolecular Self-Assembly: From Molecular Design to Stimuli-Responsive Control

Dynamic/adaptive self-assembled systems based on reversible non-covalent or dynamic covalent bonds are a core research direction in supramolecular chemistry and materials science. Dynamic/adaptive self-assembled systems regulate the interactions between building units via external stimuli, enabling dynamic transformation of self-assembled structures and reversible regulation of functions. The self-assembled nanostructures with stimuli-responsiveness and environmental adaptability, demonstrate great application potential in fields such as smart responsive materials, precision biomedicine, and advanced micro/nano manufacturing. This article provides a systematic review of the research progress in dynamic/adaptive self-assembly systems, with a focus on the design principles and dynamic regulatory properties of key building blocks, such as organic molecules and biomacromolecules. And dynamic regulation of self-assembled structures by different external stimuli is discussed. Furthermore, the article explores the applications of these systems in smart devices, controlled drug release, and environmental governance. In addition, computational and theoretical approaches are highlighted as essential tools for understanding and predicting the behavior of these systems. Finally, the article analyzes the core challenges currently faced in this field and offers perspectives on future development directions. The review aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the precise design, structural regulation, and performance optimization of dynamic/adaptive self-assembly systems.