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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the surface of...

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Catalysis

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...

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Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions

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Published on: October 5, 2019

Rational Electrocatalyst Design for Coupled Hydrogen Evolution and Alcohol Oxidation with In Situ Perspective.

Neshanth Vadivel¹, Sathiyapriyan Arulchelvan¹, Arun Prasad Murthy¹

¹Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

|June 18, 2026

Summary

Developing efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution (HER) and alcohol oxidation (AOR) systems is key for sustainable energy. These systems offer lower energy consumption and produce valuable chemicals by replacing the oxygen evolution reaction.

Keywords:

alcohol oxidation reaction electrocatalysis hybrid electrolysis hydrogen evolution reaction in situ characterization

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Published on: November 7, 2025

Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Materials Science
Sustainable Energy

Background:

Conventional water electrolysis for hydrogen production is energy-intensive due to the slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
Integrating hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with alcohol oxidation reaction (AOR) offers a more energy-efficient alternative by replacing OER with a favorable organic oxidation process.
This approach enables lower cell voltages and the co-production of valuable chemicals.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in the rational design of electrocatalysts for combined HER-AOR systems.
To highlight the importance of in situ characterization techniques in understanding catalyst behavior.
To explore the potential of these systems for efficient hydrogen production and organic transformations with reduced energy input.

Main Methods:

Focus on nanostructured, bimetallic, and atomically dispersed electrocatalyst designs.
Emphasize rational control over catalyst composition, morphology, and electronic structure.
Utilize in situ characterization techniques to study catalyst evolution under operating conditions.

Main Results:

Advanced electrocatalyst designs significantly enhance catalytic performance through optimized adsorption and charge transfer.
Tailoring catalyst properties improves activity, selectivity, and long-term durability.
In situ studies reveal crucial insights into catalyst reconstruction and active phase dynamics.

Conclusions:

Rational electrocatalyst design is vital for developing efficient HER-AOR systems.
In situ studies are essential for elucidating structure-activity relationships.
These systems hold significant promise for sustainable hydrogen generation and chemical synthesis with reduced energy demands.