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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...

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Solute Diffusion in Styrenic Triblock Copolymer Organogels.

Kenneth P Mineart1, Nicholas G DeVita1, Ridwana Bashar1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States.

ACS Applied Polymer Materials
|June 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Block copolymer organogels show promise for transdermal drug delivery. Copolymer concentration significantly impacts solute diffusion more than molecular weight, guiding future TDDS design.

Keywords:
SAXSblock copolymerorganogelssolute transportstructure–property relationships

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Published on: October 10, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background:

  • Styrenic triblock copolymer organogels are explored for transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDSs) due to their adhesive and nonpolar properties.
  • Previous research optimized TDDS formulations using extrinsic properties and empirical models, limiting generalizability.
  • A need exists for understanding intrinsic material properties for more predictable TDDS design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine solute diffusivity, an intrinsic property, in various block copolymer organogels.
  • To analyze the influence of copolymer molecular weight and concentration on solute diffusion.
  • To investigate solute aggregation behavior and its impact on diffusion within organogel TDDS.

Main Methods:

  • Characterized solute diffusivity in organogels with varying copolymer molecular weights and concentrations.
  • Fitted experimental data using a theoretical model accounting for organogel nanostructure (discrete polystyrene domains, continuous solvated midblock phase).
  • Determined penetrant hydrodynamic radius and average movement rate through the gel matrix.

Main Results:

  • Copolymer concentration has a significantly stronger effect on solute diffusion than molecular weight.
  • Increasing concentration from 5 wt% to 20 wt% reduced solute diffusivity by 50%.
  • Solute aggregation behavior, not molecular weight, dictates hydrodynamic radius and diffusion rates (e.g., AOT: 444.6 g/mol, 2.6 nm).

Conclusions:

  • Copolymer concentration is a critical parameter for designing effective organogel-based TDDS.
  • Solute aggregation must be considered for predictable drug diffusion in these systems.
  • This study provides a foundation for the bottom-up design of advanced block copolymer organogel TDDSs.