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Behavioral and Historical Processes Jointly Maintain Genetic Connectivity in Fragmented Chinese Water Deer
Zongzhi Li1,2, Peng Liu3, Zhirong Zhang1
1College of Wildlife and Protected Areas Northeast Forestry University Harbin China.
Ecology and Evolution
|June 18, 2026
Summary
Habitat fragmentation threatens the Chinese water deer. Despite fragmentation, high gene flow persists due to female-biased dispersal, a key factor for their genetic viability and conservation.
Area of Science:
- Conservation Genetics
- Wildlife Ecology
- Population Genetics
Background:
- Habitat fragmentation is a significant threat to endangered species, impacting genetic diversity and population viability.
- The Chinese water deer (Hydropotes inermis) in northeastern China faces habitat fragmentation, making it a crucial model for studying landscape impacts on genetic health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the genetic diversity, population structure, and dispersal dynamics of the Chinese water deer in a fragmented landscape.
- To understand how habitat fragmentation influences the genetic viability of this vulnerable species.
Main Methods:
- Noninvasive sampling of 286 Chinese water deer individuals.
- Genotyping using 11 microsatellite loci and mitochondrial markers.
- Analysis of genetic diversity, population structure, and dispersal patterns.
Main Results:
- Moderate microsatellite diversity (mean He = 0.661) with evidence of inbreeding within local groups.
- Extremely weak population genetic structure (overall Fst = 0.008) and high contemporary gene flow, indicating persistent landscape connectivity.
- Female-biased dispersal identified as the primary mechanism maintaining connectivity, contrasting with typical male-biased dispersal in artiodactyls.
Conclusions:
- Female-mediated dispersal acts as a natural genetic rescue mechanism, counteracting genetic drift and inbreeding in fragmented populations.
- The unique female-biased dispersal is crucial for the long-term persistence and genetic health of the Chinese water deer.
- Conservation strategies must prioritize protecting and restoring habitat corridors to support female movement and maintain genetic viability.
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