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Related Concept Videos

Herpes01:28

Herpes

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...
Genital Herpes01:23

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...

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Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Keratitis: Bitter Lessons from a Case Report.

Mohammad Saeid Sasan1, Amin Saeidinia1,2

  • 1Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran.

Clinical Case Reports
|June 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis, though rare, can lead to serious complications like encephalitis. Prompt recognition and treatment are crucial for managing this devastating condition in newborns.

Keywords:
acyclovircase reportencephalitiskeratitisneonatal herpes

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal infectious diseases
  • Ophthalmology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is a rare but severe condition.
  • Ocular involvement, specifically herpetic keratitis, can lead to significant long-term vision problems if not treated promptly.
  • Early diagnosis and management are critical for improving outcomes in affected neonates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case of isolated HSV-1 keratitis in a neonate.
  • To highlight the potential for late-onset complications, such as HSV encephalitis, even after initial successful treatment.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering HSV in neonates with ocular symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 25-day-old neonate with ocular symptoms.
  • Diagnosis of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) keratitis.
  • Treatment with intravenous acyclovir.
  • Monitoring for systemic complications.

Main Results:

  • The neonate presented with isolated HSV-1 keratitis.
  • Initial treatment with intravenous acyclovir was successful for the keratitis.
  • The patient later developed herpes simplex virus encephalitis, a serious neurological complication.
  • This case demonstrates a delayed but severe progression of the infection.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal HSV infection requires vigilant monitoring for systemic spread.
  • Ocular symptoms in neonates warrant consideration of HSV, even without systemic signs.
  • Prompt treatment of neonatal HSV keratitis is essential, but the risk of late-onset encephalitis persists.