Advancing emergency medical team classification in MENA region: a qualitative study

Area of Science:

• Global Health Security
• Disaster Medicine
• International Health Regulations

Background:

• Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs) are crucial for health emergency surge capacity.
• The World Health Organization (WHO) EMT Strategy 2030 aims for universal rapid response capabilities.
• A notable gap exists in EMT classification within the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, particularly among low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the specific barriers and facilitators influencing EMT classification in the MENA region.
• To inform strategies for enhancing local and regional preparedness for health emergencies.
• To understand how to bridge the gap in EMT development in MENA LMICs.

Main Methods:

• A qualitative study design was employed.
• Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 stakeholders involved in the EMT process.
• Participants were selected from five MENA LMICs (Yemen, Syria, Jordan, Egypt, Tunisia) and the IFRC regional office.
• Data analysis utilized an inductive thematic approach.

Main Results:

• Participants recognized the importance of EMT classification for quality and credibility.
• Key challenges identified include a lengthy and unclear classification process, rigid global standards (especially for logistics and self-sufficiency), lack of training and guidance, and inconsistent mentorship.
• Bureaucracy, inadequate resources, robust leadership commitment, technical expertise, and prior deployment experience were also significant factors.

Conclusions:

• Tailoring global EMT standards to the MENA region's context is essential for advancing classification.
• Strengthening institutional capacity through training, mentorship, and leadership commitment is critical.
• Addressing identified challenges and promoting enabling factors will help establish a resilient EMT network in MENA LMICs and achieve the WHO EMT Strategy goals.