Unicentric Adrenal Castleman Disease Mimicking an Adrenal Tumour

Castleman disease (CD) is an uncommon lymphoproliferative disorder of undetermined origin, also known as giant lymph node hyperplasia or angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia. It is broadly classified into unicentric and multicentric forms, each exhibiting distinct clinical manifestations, pathological features, and prognostic implications. While the mediastinum remains the most frequently involved site, CD may occur in a variety of nodal and extranodal locations. Adrenal involvement is exceptionally uncommon and can pose a significant diagnostic challenge by mimicking primary adrenal neoplasms. We report the case of a 24-year-old man who presented with nonspecific abdominal symptoms and was found to have a right adrenal mass. The patient underwent adrenalectomy, initially via a laparoscopic approach, which was subsequently converted to open surgery because of dense adhesions and proximity to major vascular structures. Histopathological examination established the diagnosis of unicentric hyaline vascular CD involving the adrenal region. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first reported case of adrenal CD from Myanmar.