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Published on: November 7, 2017
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome.
Karen M Dwyer1,2,3,4,5,6,7, Penelope E Figtree1,2,3,4,5,6,7, Katie Oetsch1,2,3,4,5,6,7
1The Royal Melbourne Hospital.
Australian Prescriber
|June 18, 2026
Summary
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome links metabolic, kidney, and heart diseases. Early identification and lifestyle changes, alongside targeted medications, can help manage CKM syndrome and potentially achieve remission.
Area of Science:
- Internal Medicine
- Cardiology
- Nephrology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a growing health concern, linking metabolic disorders (obesity, diabetes, NAFLD), chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease.
- While genetic factors play a role, social determinants and individual behaviors significantly influence CKM syndrome development.
- Key pathophysiological mechanisms include insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular dysfunction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To define Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome and its interconnectedness.
- To highlight the role of biomarkers like urinary albumin:creatinine ratio in CKM syndrome management.
- To discuss prevention strategies and therapeutic interventions for CKM syndrome.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on CKM syndrome pathophysiology, risk factors, and management.
- Analysis of the utility of urinary albumin:creatinine ratio as a biomarker.
- Evaluation of current and emerging pharmacological treatments and lifestyle interventions.
Main Results:
- CKM syndrome is prevalent and multifactorial, influenced by genetics, environment, and behavior.
- Urinary albumin:creatinine ratio serves as an accessible biomarker for disease identification and monitoring.
- Lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapies offer reno- and cardio-protective benefits.
Conclusions:
- CKM syndrome requires a holistic, life-course approach to prevention and management.
- Integrated strategies involving lifestyle, medication, and monitoring are crucial for improving outcomes.
- Remission of CKM syndrome may be achievable with comprehensive interventions.
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