The Potential Role of Taurine in Cancer Therapy: Mechanisms of Action and Future Directions

Taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, has been shown to exhibit various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. This review provides a comprehensive summary of current preclinical and clinical evidence regarding taurine's role in cancer prevention and treatment. in vitro studies have demonstrated that taurine induces apoptosis, suppresses cell proliferation, and inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis. Animal studies support these findings, indicating that taurine supplementation has anti-cancer effects in vivo. Epidemiological studies have reported mixed results on the association between taurine intake and cancer risk, while clinical studies on taurine supplementation have reported promising outcomes in cancer patients. Limitations of current studies include small sample sizes, lack of standardization in study design, and inconsistent dosages of taurine supplementation. Future research directions involve elucidating the underlying mechanisms of action and conducting rigorously designed clinical trials with larger cohorts. In conclusion, the available evidence suggests that taurine may have potential as a complementary or alternative therapy for cancer; however, further research is needed to establish its safety and efficacy.