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Method Validation for Phenylalanine Analysis in Unconventional Food Plants.

Elaine Carvalho Minighin¹, Maria de Fátima Gomides², Mariem Rodrigues Ribeiro da Cunha²

¹Department of Food, School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

Journal of Medicinal Food

|June 18, 2026

Summary

Phenylketonuria (PKU) patients can diversify their diets with Brazilian Non-Conventional Food Plants (NCPPs). Analysis confirmed varying phenylalanine levels, with some NCPPs suitable for PKU management, enhancing meal palatability.

Keywords:

UPLC/UV essential amino acid phenylketonuria plant foods

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Published on: April 22, 2022

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Nutrition
Food Science

Background:

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism requiring strict dietary phenylalanine restriction.
Current PKU diets are often monotonous, relying on limited foods and phenylalanine-free formulas.
Brazil's rich biodiversity offers potential for novel food sources like Non-Conventional Food Plants (NCPPs).

Purpose of the Study:

To validate a method for quantifying phenylalanine in NCPPs.
To determine phenylalanine content in 15 NCPPs from the Brazilian Cerrado.
To assess the suitability of these NCPPs for phenylketonuric patients' diets.

Main Methods:

High-performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector was used for phenylalanine quantification.
Method validation included selectivity, linearity, recovery, repeatability, and precision assessments.
Phenylalanine content was analyzed in 15 distinct NCPP samples.

Main Results:

The validated HPLC method proved selective, linear, and precise for phenylalanine determination.
Phenylalanine content in NCPPs ranged from 20.28 to 235.58 mg/100 g.
Leafy vegetables generally contained higher phenylalanine levels than specific fruits and flowers analyzed.

Conclusions:

Certain Brazilian NCPPs, particularly leafy vegetables, can be safely incorporated into PKU diets.
Introducing these NCPPs can enhance dietary variety and improve the palatability of PKU management.
This study highlights the potential of indigenous foods to address dietary challenges in metabolic disorders.